Example Graph Paths

Many Graph operations can be performed using linear algebra and this connection is the subject of much recent research. EJML now has basic "Graph BLAS" capabilities as this example shows.

External Resources:

• ExampleGraphPaths.java code

Example Code

/**
 * Example including one iteration of the graph traversal algorithm breath-first-search (BFS),
 * using different semirings. So following the outgoing relationships for a set of starting nodes.
 *
 * More about the connection between graphs and linear algebra can be found at:
 * https://github.com/GraphBLAS/GraphBLAS-Pointers.
 *
 * @author Florentin Doerre
 */
public class ExampleGraphPaths {
    private static final int NODE_COUNT = 4;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DMatrixSparseCSC adjacencyMatrix = new DMatrixSparseCSC(NODE_COUNT, 4);

        // For the example we will be using the following graph:
        // (3)<-[cost: 0.2]-(0)<-[cost: 0.1]->(2)<-[cost: 0.3]-(1)

        adjacencyMatrix.set(0, 2, 0.1);
        adjacencyMatrix.set(0, 3, 0.2);
        adjacencyMatrix.set(2, 0, 0.1);
        adjacencyMatrix.set(3, 2, 0.3);

        // Semirings are used to redefine + and * f.i. with OR for + and AND for *
        DSemiRing lor_land = DSemiRings.OR_AND;
        DSemiRing min_times = DSemiRings.MIN_TIMES;
        DSemiRing plus_land = new DSemiRing(DMonoids.PLUS, DMonoids.AND);

        // sparse Vector (Matrix with one column)
        DMatrixSparseCSC startNodes = new DMatrixSparseCSC(1, NODE_COUNT);
        // setting the node 0 as the start-node
        startNodes.set(0, 0, 1);

        DMatrixSparseCSC outputVector = startNodes.createLike();

        // Compute which nodes can be reached from the node 0 (disregarding the costs of the relationship)
        CommonOpsWithSemiRing_DSCC.mult(startNodes, adjacencyMatrix, outputVector, lor_land, null, null);

        System.out.println("Node 3 can be reached from node 0: " + (outputVector.get(0, 3) == 1));
        System.out.println("Node 1 can be reached from node 0: " + (outputVector.get(0, 1) == 1));

        // Add node 3 to the start nodes
        startNodes.set(0, 3, 1);

        // Find the number of path the nodes can be reached with
        CommonOpsWithSemiRing_DSCC.mult(startNodes, adjacencyMatrix, outputVector, plus_land, null, null);
        System.out.println("The number of start-nodes leading to node 2 is " + (int) outputVector.get(0, 2));

        // Find the path with the minimal cost (direct connection from one of the specified starting nodes)
        // the calculated cost equals the cost specified in the relationship (as both startNodes have a weight of 1)
        // as an alternative you could use the MIN_PLUS semiring to consider the existing cost specified in the startNodes vector
        CommonOpsWithSemiRing_DSCC.mult(startNodes, adjacencyMatrix, outputVector, min_times, null, null);
        System.out.println("The minimal cost to reach the node 2 is " + outputVector.get(0, 2));
    }
}